بواسطة Syria in a Week Editors | أكتوبر 30, 2019 | Syria in a Week, غير مصنف
The following is a selection by our editors of significant weekly developments in Syria. Depending on events, each issue will include anywhere from four to eight briefs. This series is produced in both Arabic and English in partnership between Salon Syria and Jadaliyya. Suggestions and blurbs may be sent to info@salonsyria.com.
Russia Distributes the Roles… in the Self-administration!
Reuters
27 October 2019
The Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) said on Sunday it had agreed to withdraw more than thirty kilometers from the Turkish border, an announcement welcomed by Damascus which said Turkey should now end its “aggression” in northeast Syria. Turkey launched its cross-border offensive on 9 October targeting the Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) in northeast Syria after President Donald Trump pulled US troops out of the area.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Russia’s Vladimir Putin then agreed on 22 October that Syrian border guards and Russian military police would clear the border area up to thirty kilometers into Syria of YPG fighters over a six-day period that ends Tuesday.
The Russian ministry of defense said on Friday that around three hundred more military police and more than twenty armored vehicles were sent to Syria under an accord between Ankara and Moscow that has halted Turkey’s military incursion into northeast Syria.
Eliminating al-Baghdadi… in Syria!
Reuters
27 October 2019
President Donald Trump said on Sunday that fugitive ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi died in a raid by US special forces in northwest Syria, describing it as a great victory against the radical organization.
Al-Baghdadi killed himself by detonating a suicide vest after fleeing into a dead-end tunnel, Trump said in a televised address from the White House. He was positively identified by DNA tests fifteen minutes later, the president said.
Trump said “many” of al-Baghdadi’s people were killed in the raid and added that in blowing himself up, Baghdadi also killed three of his children. US forces suffered no personnel losses, he said. He also thanked Russia, Turkey, Syria, and Iraq for their support.
Hours later, the Syrian Kurdish YPG said Islamic State spokesman Abu al-Hassan al-Muhajir, described as Baghdadi’s right-hand man, had also been killed in a separate joint raid by Kurdish-led and US forces in northern Syria.
Turkey said it was proud to have helped “bring a notorious terrorist to justice”, but Russia’s response was skeptical, with the defense ministry in Moscow saying that it had no reliable information on the US raid.
SDF Withdraws from Ras al-Ain
Reuters
21 October 2019
The Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) on Sunday said they had withdrawn from the border town of Ras al-Ain under a US-brokered ceasefire deal, but a spokesman for Turkish-backed Syrian rebels said the withdrawal was not yet complete. Ras al-Ain is one of two towns on the Turkish-Syrian border that have been the main targets of Turkey’s offensive to push back Kurdish fighters and create a “safe zone” inside Syria that is more than thirty kilometers deep.
War Crimes
Reuters
23, 26 October 2019
Former prosecutor and UN investigator Carla del Ponte said in an interview published on Saturday that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan should be investigated and indicted for war crimes over his country’s military incursion in Syria. “For Erdogan to be able to invade Syrian territory to destroy the Kurds is unbelievable,” said del Ponte. “An investigation should be opened into him and he should be charged with war crimes,” she added.
Amnesty International said in a report published on Friday that Turkey is forcibly sending Syrian refugees to an area of Syria near the border where it aims to set up a “safe zone” even though the conflict there has not ended.
Human Rights Watch said in a separate report Friday that authorities had arbitrarily detained and deported dozens of Syrians to northern Syria between January and September.
In a related context, President Donald Trump’s special envoy for Syria James Jeffrey said on Wednesday that US forces had seen evidence of war crimes during Turkey’s offensive against the Kurds in Syria. “We haven’t seen widespread evidence of ethnic cleansing,” Jeffrey said during his testimony in congress, but there are reports of “several incidents which we consider war crimes.”
Putin Explains to al-Assad
Reuters
22 October 2019
The Kremlin said on Tuesday that Russian President Vladimir Putin explained to his Syrian counterpart Bashar al-Assad by phone the results of his talks with Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan. Putin, after lengthy talks with Erdogan, highlighted in the phone call with al-Assad that restoring Syria’s territorial integrity was the main task.
Al-Assad thanked Putin and “expressed his full support for the results of the work, as well as the readiness of the Syrian border guards, together with the Russian military police, to reach the Syrian-Turkish border,” the Kremlin said.
Syrian President Bashar al Assad on Tuesday denounced Turkey’s leader as “a thief… who stole factories, wheat, and oil… and is now stealing our land,” for attacking the northeast of Syria and reiterated a pledge to retake all areas lost to Damascus in years of civil war.
Al-Assad made the remarks as he made a rare visit to a frontline of Syria’s conflict, touring an area in war-torn northwestern Idlib governorate close to the last major bastion of Turkey-backed rebel forces.
Covert Turkish-Syrian Contacts
Reuters
21 October 2019
Turkey is holding covert contacts with Syria’s government to avert direct conflict in northeast Syria where both sides have deployed their armies, Turkish officials say, despite Ankara’s long-standing hostility to President Bashar al-Assad.
Warily, the two sides have set up channels of communication, both direct military and intelligence contacts and indirect messages through Russia, to reduce the risk of confrontation, three Turkish officials said.
The Constitutional Committee and the First Meeting
Reuters
24 October 2019
UN Special Envoy to Syria Geir Pedersen said on Thursday that the ceasefire in northeast Syria seems to be holding “by and large”, as major powers gather in Geneva ahead of the first meeting of Syria’s Constitutional Committee next week.
Pedersen said that envoys from seven Arab and Western states backing the opposition, known as the “small group”, which includes the United States, are due to meet in the Swiss city on Friday. Senior officials from the so-called Astana three – Russia, Iran, and Turkey – were expected in coming days.
The major powers would not participate directly in the “Syrian-owned, Syrian-led” constitutional effort, or the opening public ceremony, but they supported the process, he said.
Convening the Constitutional Committee, the first tangible progress since the Norwegian diplomat took up the UN job in January, is seen as key to paving the way for political reforms and new elections in the country wracked by eight years of war that have killed hundreds of thousands and forced millions to flee.
Oil Rush
Reuters
25, 26 October 2019
Russia’s defense ministry on Saturday attacked US plans to maintain and boost the US military presence in eastern Syria as “international state banditry” motivated by a desire to protect oil smugglers and not by real security concerns. US troops and private security companies in eastern Syria are protecting oil smugglers who make more than thirty million dollars a month, the statement said.
US Defense Secretary Mark Esper said on Friday Washington would send armored vehicles and troops to the Syrian oil fields in order to prevent them from falling into the hands of ISIS militants. His comments came after President Donald Trump earlier this month pulled some one thousand US military personnel out of northeast Syria, a move that prompted Turkey to launch a cross-border incursion targeting the Kurdish YPG, a former US ally against ISIS.
بواسطة Aron Lund | أكتوبر 10, 2019 | Reports, غير مصنف
Is the United States pulling out of Syria—again?
That was certainly what President Donald J. Trump seemed to say in a five-tweet rant on Monday morning. Hours earlier, the White House had announced that U.S. forces would no longer block a Turkish intervention in northeastern Syria: “Turkey will soon be moving forward with its long-planned operation into Northern Syria,” the press statement said, clarifying that the U.S. military “will not support or be involved in the operation, and United States forces, having defeated the ISIS territorial ‘Caliphate,’ will no longer be in the immediate area.”
Pentagon officials were reportedly “blindsided” by Trump’s decision, but Turkey was jubilant.
For years, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has pushed the United States to step aside and let Turkey attack the U.S.-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). The multi-ethnic, secular SDF has been America’s chief local ally in its war against the so-called Islamic State, or ISIS, but it is led by a Syrian section of the anti-Ankara Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK). Disputes over the SDF are at the heart of a sharp deterioration in the Washington–Ankara relationship, to the point where Turkey’s commitment to NATO is being questioned.
As recently as August, the United States and Turkey struck a deal to manage their differences through joint patrols in northern Syria, and U.S. troops forced the SDF to destroy fortifications close to the border. But Turkey was not satisfied, and kept pushing for more. On September 24, Erdogan treated the UN General Assembly to a map of a future Syria in which Turkey had seized virtually every Kurdish town in the country. And on October 5, he said Turkey would send troops across the border within days.
The relentless Turkish brinksmanship seems to have been designed to pressure Trump to ditch the SDF in order to avoid U.S.–Turkish clashes or costly additional deployments. And it appears to have worked.
Muddled Messaging
It is still unclear exactly what Trump has agreed to. U.S. government rhetoric is so muddled at the moment that no one can quite figure out whether the White House has just begun a total pullout, or is merely taking a tactical step back to let Turkey have its way with a small part of Syria.
So far, U.S. forces have only retreated from a short stretch of Syrian-Turkish border land in the mostly Arab-populated region between Tell Abyad and Ras al-Ain. The 100–150 U.S. soldiers involved aren’t even leaving Syria, just relocating from the “immediate area” to stay clear of Turkey–SDF clashes. “We’re gonna get out of the way,” a U.S. official told the Washington Post.
However, the White House statement was unclear about the ultimate scope of the U.S. withdrawal, and also spoke about Turkey becoming responsible for holding SDF-imprisoned jihadis, most of whom are detained in the al-Hol camp on the other side of the SDF enclave.
How to handle the al-Hol detainees, including tens of thousands of family members of suspected Islamic State fighters, in addition to smaller numbers of Syrian and foreign combatants, has long bedevilled the United States. Trump has complained that European nations refuse to take back their citizens, and the White House statement kept hammering the point, insisting, in a flourish that seemed to betray the direct influence of the president, that the United States “will not hold them for what could be many years and great cost to the United States taxpayer” and concluding that “Turkey will now be responsible for all ISIS fighters in the area captured.”
Turkey appears to have little interest in sorting out the al-Hol issue, and would, at any rate, not be confronted with it unless Turkish troops occupy the entire SDF-held region in northeastern Syria. For now, Erdogan has simply brushed the problem away by insisting that the number of detainees is “a bit exaggerated.”
Trump’s Monday morning tweets added to the confusion by signalling an end to the U.S. involvement with Syria altogether. The United States needs to “get out of these ridiculous Endless Wars” and “bring our soldiers home,” Trump wrote, adding, “Turkey, Europe, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Russia and the Kurds, will now have to figure the situation out.”
So is this a limited redeployment from one part of the Syrian-Turkish border, or the beginning of the end of America’s five-year intervention in Syria? It looks like the former, but it sounds like the latter.
In part, this confused messaging might be intentional. By raising the prospect of a full-scale withdrawal, Trump may be calling Erdogan’s bluff. The Turkish leader is being informed that, unless he abides by past agreement, he will be on his own in sorting out the Syrian mess.
For all of Erdogan’s maximalist rhetoric and his UN antics, Turkey may have little interest in controlling the entire SDF-held region—nearly a third of Syria—unless it can do so with the support and approval of the United States, the EU, and perhaps Russia, too. The al-Hol detainee issue alone is daunting, and Turkey would run up against international objections and internal insurgencies. Ankara’s capacity to administer areas beyond its borders is limited, its economy is in bad shape, the military is stretched as it is, and the Syrian rebels Erdogan wants to use as proxies are pinned down by Russian and Syrian government forces in Idlib. For Turkey to seek full control over northeastern Syria on its own would be a violent, costly, and politically fraught undertaking—which is why Erdogan’s bark may be worse than his bite.
The SDF, however, seems to fear the worst, complaining that it fulfilled all its obligations under the August 2019 deal but is still deprived of promised U.S. protection. Rather than backing down, the group struck a militant note: “We in the SDF will not hesitate for a moment to defend ourselves and call upon our people of all sects, Arabs, Kurds and Syriacs, Assyrians to join forces and stand with their legitimate forces to defend our country against this Turkish aggression.”
This Has Happened Before
Strangely enough, we’ve seen this happen once before. In December 2018, Trump shocked his national security staff by suddenly announcing that he would withdraw from Syria and let Turkey take over.
It didn’t happen, that time. Trump came under immediate pressure to reverse his decision, which was opposed by a curious constellation of forces: strong voices in the Pentagon were unwilling to abandon the SDF fighters they had fought alongside for so long; the intelligence community warned that the Islamic State could respawn; and a variety of politicos and penfighters insisted that the United States must remain in Syria for reasons related to Iran, Israel, or some other Washingtonian pet cause. Last but not least, a large contingent of administration insiders, politicians, and pundits who actually did want to exit Syria felt that Trump was doing it the wrong way—they wanted to leave in an orderly and controlled fashion, to limit blowback to the United States, its allies, and interests.
Internal outrage led Trump’s jihadi-hunter-in-chief, Brett McGurk, and his secretary of defense, James Mattis, both to resign in protest. The president was angry but impressed and, step by step, his decision was watered down to buy the mission more time. In the end, Trump agreed that some U.S. troops could stay while the SDF snuffed out remaining jihadi pockets, and the Department of State went panhandling in Europe and the Gulf for aid money and troops to cover U.S. cutbacks.
It didn’t work out very well, since, unsurprisingly, few U.S. allies were willing to put much on the line for so fickle a president. Ten months later, the United States is still the only pole holding up the tent in northern Syria—and Trump seems to be saying that time is up.
What Happens Now?
If Trump really did try to call Erdogan’s bluff, it may have worked, to a degree. Despite recently warning that an invasion was imminent, the Turkish leader has shifted to saying he will “discuss the depth of the operation” when he meets Trump in Washington early next month.
Erdogan may still end up launching a cross-border incursion, to stick his foot in the door while he can. But the Turkish leader also seems to fear that Trump will simply collapse the security architecture in northeastern Syria without putting anything in its place, and without giving Turkey time to develop its options.
Meanwhile, Trump will come under renewed pressure to keep troops in Syria. Roughly the same cast of people as last time are now crying foul again, and the U.S. president may settle for a more limited pullout. But Trump’s isolationist instincts are real, and his view of America’s post-9/11 wars as no-good quagmires is one of the few political ideas he has held with something approaching consistency. Continuing to prop up the SDF’s autonomous government will also grow harder and harder, once Turkey begins to develop its own proxies inside the northeast.
If Trump starts walking toward the exit, he may, whatever his original plans, soon find that the easiest choice is to just keep going.
Ultimately, however, what happens in Syria isn’t just up to Donald Trump. The rulers of Ankara, Damascus, Moscow, and Tehran, and a host of non state actors, including the SDF and whatever remains of the Islamic State, also have a vote. Their actions and reactions will shape U.S. options in the coming weeks, and, as many have learned by now, setting Syria’s chaos in motion is easy. Making it stop is a lot harder.
*This article was published at The Century Foundation website here.
بواسطة Syria in a Week Editors | أكتوبر 9, 2019 | Syria in a Week, غير مصنف
The following is a selection by our editors of significant weekly developments in Syria. Depending on events, each issue will include anywhere from four to eight briefs. This series is produced in both Arabic and English in partnership between Salon Syria and Jadaliyya. Suggestions and blurbs may be sent to info@salonsyria.com.
US Abandons the Kurds
7 October 2019
The United Nations cautioned on Monday that it is “preparing for the worst” in north eastern Syria after the United States said it would allow the Turkish army to carry out a military operation in the area.
“We do not know what will happen … we are preparing for the worst,” UN Syria Humanitarian Coordinator Panos Moumtzis said in Geneva, adding that the United Nations is in contact with all parties on the ground. He said the UN has a contingency plan to address any additional civilian suffering, but “it hopes it will not have to resort to it.”
In recent weeks, Turkey has sent reinforcement to the border area with Syria, as Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said on Monday that the operation alluded to by Turkey for some time could begin “any night without warning.”
His comments came after Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu said on Monday that his country was determined to “cleanse” Syria of “terrorist” who are threatening Turkey’s security, referring to the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) – which Kurdish fighters make the backbone of.
The United States began withdrawing its troops from the border strip with Turkey in northern Syrian on Monday, paving the way for Ankara to carry out its threat to launch an attack against Kurdish fighters and undermine efforts to fight the Islamic State.
The Kurdish units are a major partner in the US-led international coalition to fight ISIS, and they have managed to defeat the radical group in vast areas in north and east Syria.
The SDF cautioned that “the Turkish military operation in north and east Syria will have a huge negative effect on our war against ISIS (the Islamic State),” stressing their determination to “defend our land no matter the price.”
Call Between Erdogan and Trump
6 October 2019
Ankara said on Sunday that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan agreed, during a phone call with his US counterpart Donald Trump, to hold a meeting in Washington next month to discuss the “safe zone” in northern Syria.
Erdogan told trump that he “feels disappointed because of the failure of the US military and security bureaucracy to implement the deal” made by the two sides in August on a buffer zone on the Syrian border with Turkey, the Turkish presidency said in a statement.
Russian Airstrike in Idlib
5 October 2019
At least nine jihadist fighters were killed on Sunday in Russian airstrikes that targeted positions for two extremist factions, Horras al-Din and Ansar al-Tawheed, in eastern Idlib, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR).
These airstrikes came despite Idlib and its surrounding being included in a ceasefire since late August that was declared by Moscow and agreed to by Damascus. Due to this ceasefire, military jets have been absent from the air, however, artillery and missile breaches have continued intermittently.
Russia, which backs Syrian government forces, often launches strikes against the mobilization and headquarters of extremist organizations in Idlib and its surrounding.
Turkish Universities in Syria
4 October 2019
Turkey’s Gaziantep University will open three faculties in small northern Syrian towns, Ankara’s Official Gazette said on Friday, reflecting a growing Turkish presence in the region.
An Islamic sciences faculty will be opened in Syria’s Azaz, an education faculty in Afrin, and a faculty of economics and administrative sciences in al-Bab, Turkey’s official state publication said.
All three towns are in north-western Syria, west of the Euphrates river and broadly north of Aleppo, in regions to which Turkey has twice sent forces in the last three years to drive back the Syrian Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) and ISIS fighters, in a bid to protect its own border.
The towns have been struck in the past by bomb attacks, some of which have been blamed on ISIS and others on Kurdish fighters.
Ankara has previously built hospitals, restored schools, and trained fighters in northwest Syria, and Turkish media reports say it is planning to build an industrial zone in the region to create jobs for seven thousand people.
Mines and Explosive Devices
3 October 2019
At least one hundred and seventy-three people, including forty-one children, have been killed since the beginning of the year as a result of mines and explosive devices in various areas in Syria, according to a tally by the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR). This represents a new challenge created by the war that threatens the lives of millions of people.
Mines and explosive devices are some of the complicated issues that emerged from the Syrian war which has been ongoing for more than eight years.
The victims include at least forty-four civilians, mostly women, who were killed during the truffle season in rural areas, according to the SOHR.
Mines have also left dozens of victims, mostly women, with injuries that ranged from amputation to severe injuries.
According to the United Nations, 10.2 million Syrians are in danger of getting hurt by an explosive device left behind in the country as a result of the war.
Planting mines was a strategy followed by several parties in the Syrian conflict, most notably ISIS which booby-trapped various objects such as buildings, cars, household items, and food containers.
The Syrian government and the United Nations signed a memorandum in July to support Damascus’s demining efforts.
Sports, Gardens, and Churches
2 October 2019
Four years after the onset of Russia’s military intervention in Syria, Russian soldiers are enjoying a lavish life in their main base in the coastal city of Tartous, and there is nothing to suggest that their stay will not be long.
A Russian officer points to little plants planted in a garden in the naval base. “They will have enough time to grow,” he confidently says.
Announcements of Russia withdrawing its troops and decreasing its operations significantly have been continuously coming, without this having an effect on its long-term presence in Syria, which seems key to the country’s future.
Russian soldiers can visit gyms, saunas, bakeries, and dry cleaners, in addition to a small Orthodox church. Soldiers have “all necessary leisure means,” said a Russian officer, who requested to remain anonymous as he is not authorized to speak to journalists.
The intervention of the Russian air force in the Syrian conflict since September 2015 allowed the balance to tip in Damascus’s favor, as government forces managed to advance at the expense of both militant and jihadist factions and retake control of large swaths of the country.
According to official statistics, three thousand Russian soldiers are deployed in Syria, in addition to jets, helicopters, warships, and submarines. The new S-400 air defense system provides protection for the facilities.
The Russian Hmeimim base, which was hastily built near the outskirts of a civil airport, has turned into a permanent base since 2017. The same thing happened in Tartous, as this Russian naval facility situated at the port has turned into a “permanent naval base.”
In both sites, Moscow has a forty-nine-year lease, cementing its presence in the Middle East and enabling it to exercise its influence, especially against the United States.
Testing the “S-500”
1 October 2019
The Russian Izvestia newspaper said that the Russian army has carried out successful tests on the most important components of the S-500 air defense missile system.
The newspaper said, citing sources in the Russian ministry of defense and the military and industrial complex, that “tests have revealed a number of gaps in the work of the system’s equipment which were quickly filled,” adding that “the tests are over and they were deemed successful.”
بواسطة Syria in a Week Editors | أبريل 10, 2019 | Syria in a Week, غير مصنف
The following is a selection by our editors of significant weekly developments in Syria. Depending on events, each issue will include anywhere from four to eight briefs. This series is produced in both Arabic and English in partnership between Salon Syria and Jadaliyya. Suggestions and blurbs may be sent to info@salonsyria.com.
Dissipation of Sovereignty: Russia Rewards Netanyahu
Reuters and Enab Baladi
3 – 4 April 2019
Russian President Vladimir Putin told Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Thursday that Russian special forces troops in Syria had found the remains of a US-born Israeli soldier missing since 1982. “Our soldiers together with Syrian partners established his resting place. We are very happy that they will be able to give him the necessary military honors at home,” Putin was quoted as saying. He added that “Russia found the body of the soldier in coordination with the Syrian army, and our soldiers brought him to Israel.”
The official Syrian news agency (SANA) said that the Syrian government was not aware of handing the remains of the Israeli soldier Zachary Baumel to Israel. “Syria is not aware of the issue concerning the remains of the Israeli soldier. This is yet more evidence that proves the cooperation between terrorist groups and the Mossad,” SANA reported a media source as saying.
Zachary Baumel, who was 21 when he fought in Israel’s invasion of Lebanon, was declared missing in action along with two other soldiers in the Battle of Sultan Yacoub. A Russian news agency reported Putin as saying that the task of finding the remains had been difficult.
Dissipation of Sovereignty: Trump Disregards our Rights
Reuters
7 April 2019
US President Donald Trump said on Saturday that he made the controversial decision to recognize Israel’s 1981 annexation of the Golan Heights after getting a quick history lesson during a conversation on a different subject.
Speaking at the Republican Jewish Coalition gathering in Las Vegas, Trump said he made the snap decision during a discussion with his top Middle East peace advisers, including the US ambassador to Israel, David Friedman, and son-in-law Jared Kushner.
“I said, ‘Fellows, do me a favor. Give me a little history, quick. Want to go fast. I got a lot of things I’m working on: China, North Korea. Give me a quickie,” Trump said to laughter from the Las Vegas crowd.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited Trump last month. At their 25 March meeting, Trump signed a proclamation officially granting US recognition of the Golan as Israeli territory, a dramatic departure from decades of US policy. The move, which Trump announced in a tweet days prior, was widely seen as an attempt to boost Netanyahu who is up for re-election on April 9.
“We make fast decisions. And we make good decisions,” Trump said on Saturday.
Children’s Suffering Post-ISIS
Reuters
7 April 2019
Children at al-Hol camp suffer from malnourishment, stunted growth, and broken legs according to the paramedics’ log for children who were transferred from the battle field to the crowded clinic, which lacks even the most basic medical services.
Medical centers are filled with teenagers missing limbs and women with shrapnel and bullet wounds. The exodus during intense fighting of more than sixty thousand people from ISIS’s final redoubt of Baghouz is overwhelming medical staff in eastern Syria who struggle to cope at the camp.
Scores of people, mostly children, have died on the 150-mile (240-kilometer) journey to al-Hol or soon after arriving, aid groups say.
The intense bombardment and fighting to dislodge the extremist group cost countless lives and wounded many more people, including the wives of fighters, their children, ISIS supporters, and other civilians trapped in the enclave.
Exchange of Bombardment in Idlib
Reuters
6 – 7 April 2019
At least fifteen people were reported killed on Sunday in shelling by government and opposition forces in northwestern Syria, further straining a Russian-Turkish ceasefire deal for the region. The agreement has come under strain in recent weeks: the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said forty-five people had been killed in the last five days alone, most of them by government shelling of opposition-held areas.
Syrian official media said five people had been killed in government-held Masyaf.
The foreign ministers of France, Germany, Britain, Canada, the United States, Italy, and Japan on Saturday noted “with mounting concern the escalation in Syrian military activity in the de-escalation zone in Idlib over recent weeks”, according to a communique issued after a Group of Seven meeting.
Turkey has deployed forces into Idlib under an agreement with Russia and Iran. Jihadist insurgents of the Tahrir al-Sham group hold sway on the ground.
The United Nations says Idlib and the adjacent areas are sheltering some three million people, half of whom have been uprooted from other parts of Syria by the war.
Fate of Extremists!
Reuters
5 April 2019
The French interior minister Christophe Castaner said on Friday that interior ministers from the Group of Seven industrialized nations still have different views over how to handle jihadists and their families in Syria and Iraq.
The US representative, under-secretary Claire Grady, reiterated at the meeting of G7 interior ministers in Paris the US position that these foreign fighters should be returned to their countries of origin.
A United Nations human rights investigator said on Thursday, Iraq must ensure that ISIS leadership faces justice for alleged war crimes and genocide against civilians, not just charges of belonging to a terrorist group.
Four men, two Iraqi and two Syrians, were sentenced to death by a Baghdad court on 30 October on charges of membership of ISIS (a banned terrorist organization), according to Agnes Callamard, the UN special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions. Their identity has not been revealed but she described them in a statement as “four senior affiliates of the ISIS leadership.” She added: “The trial should have shed light on the inner workings of ISIS and created a crucial judicial record of ISIS crimes against people.”
Manbij and Turkey Once Again
Reuters
4 April 2019
Turkish military sources said that the work between Turkey and the United States to implement an agreement over the Syrian town of Manbij is proceeding more slowly than desired. The sources said that Turkey is making efforts to speed up the process, referring to an agreement between the NATO allies to a complete withdrawal of the Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) from the town.
Turkey and Russia have conducted three coordinated patrols in the mainly Kurdish-controlled northern Syrian region of Tel Rifaat and plan to continue the patrols, the sources said.
Algeria Learns the Lesson from the Syrian Conflict!
Reuters
2 April 2019
The Algerian news agency said on Tuesday that President Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigned on Tuesday, after weeks of mass protests. This came after army chief of staff Lieutenant General Ahmed Gaed Salah demanded constitutional measures to remove Bouteflika (82 years). Bouteflika presented an apology to the Algerian people in his resignation letter.
Libya did not Learn from our Experience!
Reuters
7 April 2019
Residents said that eastern Libyan forces (Libyan National Army-LNA) carried out air strikes on the southern part of Tripoli on Sunday and made progress toward the city center, escalating an operation to take the capital as the United Nations failed to achieve a truce.
The LNA, which backs a parallel administration in the east, launched last week an advance on Tripoli in the west, home to the internationally recognized government.
The offensive intensifies a power struggle that has fractured the oil’s and gas’s producing country since the 2011 overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi.
The LNA reached the southern outskirts of the capital on Friday and says it took the former international airport, though the Tripoli military officials deny this. At least one warplane carried out an air strike in the area and the LNA is now some eleven kilometers from the city center, a resident said, adding he could see the troops as forces loyal to the Tripoli government withdrew.
The UN mission to Libya called on Sunday for a truce for two hours in southern Tripoli to evacuate civilians and wounded, it said in a statement without giving details. However, the true was not observed by evening, one UN official said.
In another sign of the situation worsening on the ground, a contingent of US forces supporting the US Africa Command evacuated Libya for security reasons, a U.S. statement said without giving any further details.
بواسطة Syria in a Week Editors | يناير 22, 2019 | Syria in a Week
The following is a selection by our editors of significant weekly developments in Syria. Depending on events, each issue will include anywhere from four to eight briefs. This series is produced in both Arabic and English in partnership between Salon Syria and Jadaliyya. Suggestions and blurbs may be sent to info@salonsyria.com.
Kurdish Rejection
15 January 2019
Syrian Kurds expressed their rejection for a Turkish-controlled “safe zone,” in the north on the border between the two countries, under an initiative set by Washington and approved by Ankara to curb the repercussions of the US withdrawal from northern Syria.
Turkey had threatened to launch a major attack on areas controlled by the People’s Protection Units (YPG) in north and north-east of Syria, putting Washington in a difficult situation between its two allies and pushing it to put forward this initiative in hopes of reaching an understanding by all parties.
Eldar Khalil, a prominent Kurdish leader in Syria and one of the architects of self-administration, stressed the rejection of any Turkish role in the planned safe zone. “Turkey is not independent and not neutral, which means it is a party in this conflict,” Khalil said.
This Kurdish rejection for any Turkish role comes after US President Donald Trump’s call for a thirty-two kilometer (twenty mile) wide safe zone along the Turkish border and after Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s announcement that his forces will establish this zone between the Turkish border and US-backed YPG’s positions.
Trump’s abrupt decision to withdraw all US troops from Syria exacerbated Kurdish fears that this could pave the way for a large scale attack that Turkey has long threatened to launch to keep Kurdish fighters far from its border.
This safe zone was the main topic of discussion between the Turkish president and his US counterpart during a phone call on Monday. The Turkish chief of staff met with his US counterpart in Brussels to set the “mechanisms” for the safe zone, which will be “under Turkish control.”
Moscow, one of Damascus’s most prominent allies, quickly rejected this suggestion on Wednesday. The Turkish and Russian presidents will discuss the matter in Moscow. Damascus described Erdogan’s statements about his country’s readiness to establish the safe zone as “irresponsible.”
Consensus for Return
17 January 2019
The Secretary General of the Arab League, Ahmed Aboul Gheit, said that Syria’s return to its seat in the league relies on Arab countries’ consensus.
“The Syrian issue has various aspects and is sensitive. One must acknowledge that Syria is a founding member of the Arab League,” Aboul Gheit said after meeting the Lebanese President Michel Aoun.
“When we have Arab consensus and we make sure there are no objections from any party, then it is very easy to put the matter on the agenda of a ministerial meeting at any time, after good preparations,” Aboul Gheit added.
“If Arab countries agree to invite Syria to take back its seat, then the General Secretariat and the General Secretary will be at the service of the Arab countries. The General Secretary is the one who seeks to preserve Arab interests. We will instantly implement such a decision without any delay,” he went on to say.
Aboul Gheit said that there has been no Arab consensus on Syria’s return, yet.
The Arab League decided in November of 2011 to suspend Syria’s seat after the government resorted to the military option to quell popular protests.
In March of 2012, the Gulf Cooperation Council (includes Saudi Arabia, Emirates, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, and Bahrain) decided to withdraw the countries’ six ambassadors from Syria.
“Slow is Safe”
19 January 2019
An influential US senator called on President Donald Trump for a slower withdrawal of US troops from Syria, until the “real defeat” of ISIS can be assured and “chaos” can be avoided.
“I hope President Trump would slow the withdrawal until we truly destroy ISIS,” said Lindsey Graham, senator for South Carolina, during a visit to Turkey where he met Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and several ministers.
“I can understand the desire to withdraw (from Syria), but withdrawal without a plan is chaos,” said Graham, calling for a “smart” way to achieve this.
These statements came after an attack on Wednesday in the Syrian city of Manbej, which left sixteen dead including four Americans.
Although he acknowledged that the jihadist group has been practically defeated in regards to control over “territories,” Graham said that “there are still thousands of jihadist fighters in Syria … the objective to destroy the Islamic State has not been achieved, yet.”
Trump announced last month the near withdrawal of some two thousand US troops deployed in Syria to fight the Islamic State.
Settlement “Paralysis”
19 January 2019
After meeting the UN envoy to Syria Geir Pedersen, the chief of the Syrian Opposition Negotiation Committee Nasr Hariri said that the lack of international will prevented the United Nations from succeeding in advancing the political process, which is in a state of “paralysis.” Hariri stressed the commitment of the negotiation committee, which represents a wide spectrum of opposition forces, to reach a UN-brokered political solution in Geneva.
Geir Pedersen, a seasoned diplomat who succeeded Staffan de Mistura as the forth UN envoy to Syria, faces the difficult task of reviving UN negotiations after all previous rounds, which were led by his predecessor, collided with conflicting demands from both sides.
Pedersen visited Damascus on Tuesday for the first time since he assumed this position and met with Foreign Minister Waleed Moualem, and then headed to Riyadh and met with the negotiation committee.
“Pedersen is the forth envoy and there were seasoned envoys before him. I think the lack of international will to advance a political solution is what rendered the United Nations and its envoys incapable of carrying out anything,” Hariri said after meeting Pedersen.
“The political process has entered a state of paralysis, which is evident to all the world,” he added.
Since 2016, de Mistura led nine rounds of negotiations between the Syrian government and the opposition without achieving any progress, as the opposition demanded political transition without the Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and Damascus insisted that his future not be discussed.
Trump Sticking to his Position
19 January 2019
US President Donald Trump defended his plan to withdraw US troops from Syria after a suicide attack in northern Syria on Wednesday, which left a number of US casualties. Before heading to Dover, Delaware airbase, Trump said that since he took office, the US has captured ninety-nice percent of territory once held by ISIS.
Trump received the remains of four US soldiers killed in the attack and met with their families. Before Christmas, Trump announced the defeat of ISIS, justifying the planned withdrawal of US troops from the area.
Trump tweeted that the extremist group had been defeated in Syria, adding that this group was the only reason he left US troops in the area during his presidency.
Before boarding his plane, Trump said that the United States killed ISIS “for Russia, for Iran, for Syria, for Iraq” and did a “big favor” for Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
The Pentagon identified three of the American victims as two soldiers and one civilian contractor. US reports said that the fourth victim was an American translator of Syrian origin.
According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, at least eighteen people were killed in the attack on the Kurdish-controlled city of Manbej in northern Syria on Wednesday. ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack.
Daytime Airstrike
20 January 2019
The Israeli army said that a rocket fired from Syria was intercepted over the occupied part of the Golan Heights. This came a short time after the announcement of Israeli airstrikes in Syria.
“The air defense system – Iron Dome – intercepted a rocket launched towards the northern Golan Heights,” the army said in a statement. A military spokesperson said the rocket was launched from Syria.
The official Syrian media said on Sunday that air defenses thwarted an “Israeli aggression” that targeted the southern region.
The Syrian official news agency reported a military source as saying: “Our defense system is thwarting an Israeli aerial aggression with high competency over the southern region and preventing it from achieving its objectives.” The source did not give further details.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) said that the “targeted area is located south of Damascus near Kisweh, which was repeatedly targeted in the past.” The SOHR said this area contains “weapon depots for Hezbollah and Iranian fighters, however, it has not been confirmed yet if they were actually hit.”
Since the onset of the conflict in 2011, Israel repeatedly bombed military targets for the Syrian army and others for Hezbollah and Iranian fighters in Syria, the last of which occurred on 12 December at Damascus International Airport.
